Judo (Japanese: 柔道, Hepburn: Jūdō, lit. 'gentle way') is a modern Japanese martial art and Olympic sport system (since 1964). Judo was introduced by Kanō Jigorō (嘉納) in 1882 with the removal of "randori" (乱取り, lit. 'free sparring' instead of "kata" (pre-ordered forms)) and the elements of batting and weapons training. Judo rose to prominence in tournaments organized by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (警視庁武術大会, Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai) for its dominance over established jujutsu schools, leading to its adoption as the division's primary martial art. A judo practitioner is called a "judoka" (柔道家, jūdōka, dictionary 'judo artist'), and a judo uniform is also called a "judogi" (柔道着, jūdōgi, dictionary 'judo attire').
The purpose of competitive judo is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with a pin, or force an opponent into submission with a joint lock or a choke. Although strikes and the use of weapons take place in some pre-regulated forms (kata), they are not often trained and are illegal in judo competition or freestyle practice. Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation, and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit.
Judo's philosophy revolves around two basic principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" (精力善用, dictionary 'maximum efficient use of energy') and "Jita-Kyoei" (自他共栄, dictionary meaning 'mutual welfare and benefit'). The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from the koryū (古流, traditional schools). Judo has also spawned a number of derivative martial arts worldwide, including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Krav Maga, sambo, hapkido, and ARB. Judo has also influenced other fighting styles such as close range combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shooting wrestling, and submission wrestling.
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